140th Anniversary of Korea-France Diplomatic Relations [From Monument to Landscape]

Public art is usually, though not always, commissioned for the site where it stands. Monuments, memorials, civic statues and sculptures are its most established forms, but it can also be temporary: performances, graffiti, posters and installations. A work designed for one particular location and bound up with it is called site-specific; moved elsewhere, it loses all or much of its meaning. The term "public art" is generally said to have been first used by John Willett, in Britain, in Art in a City (1967). Unlike traditional public art centred on objects, later works treat a place as a space of social, cultural and political exchange, inviting local communities and viewers to take part, or lasting only for a time before being taken down. In Seoul, more than 200 sculptures from around the world were permanently installed in Olympic Park for the 1988 Olympics; the introduction to SOMA Museum of Art's exhibition From Monument to Landscape calls this an important turning point in the development of contemporary public art in Korea. The city has also placed public art in Seonyudo Park, a former water purification plant turned into an ecological park.

Step back and see how the work sits with the buildings, paths and trees around it; then watch the people passing: does anyone stop, or do they walk by as if it were part of the scenery?

• Modern Sculpture 현대 조각→Statues and sculptures in parks and streets are among the most established forms of public art.
• Mural 벽화→Murals are one of the genres public art takes in.

Modern sculpture is generally said to begin with Rodin. After him, Brâncuși distilled his subjects to their essential shapes, Picasso combined different objects and materials into one sculpture, Duchamp's Fountain (1917) presented a ready-made object as the work, and welded steel sculpture followed in the 1960s. Sculpture's concern moved from likeness and whom it honours to material, weight, balance, and the work's relation to the space around it and to the viewer's body. The sculpture park in Seoul's Olympic Park holds works by foreign artists invited to the cultural festival of the 1988 Seoul Olympics; they stand among lawns and paths and have become part of the landscape.

Walk all the way around the work and notice the weight of its material, and how it stands, hangs, or leans.

• Modern sculpture: from mass to space 近現代の彫刻：量塊から空間へ→Same topic in Tokyo
• Modern Sculpture 現代雕塑→Same topic in Taipei